The Energy Society: A Simulation Environment for Studying Agent Cooperation under Survival Pressure

This paper introduces The Energy Society, a simulation environment where LLM agents spend energy to generate tokens, regain energy through jobs or donations, and face survival pressure under competitive or cooperative incentives.

June 2026 · L. B. Hansen, F. Torrielli, F. Tonini, L. G. Poech

The Arbiter Agent: Continually Monitoring Multi-Agent Conversations to Detect Emergent Misalignment

This paper introduces the Arbiter, an agent that monitors multi-agent conversations under an inspection budget and uses active inspection tools to detect misaligned agents earlier and more accurately.

June 2026 · F. Tonini, F. Torrielli, A. D. Lautrup, P. Schneider-Kamp, M. M. Çelikok, L. G. Poech

PsychoSafe: Eliciting Psychologically-Informed Refusals in Large Language Models

This paper introduces PsychoSafe, a refusal framework grounded in evidence-based intervention strategies, and evaluates prompting and fine-tuning approaches for psychologically informed LLM refusals.

June 2026 · G. Barmina, F. Torrielli, S. Harms, J. Nielsen, F. Mächtle, S. L. Beltoft, P. Schneider-Kamp, T. Eisenbarth, L. G. Poech, A. Lauscher

Emergent Languages in Populations of Language Model Agents: From Token Efficiency to Oversight Evasion

This paper studies emergent languages in Moltbook agent populations, identifying categories such as token efficiency, new natural languages, and oversight evasion, and showing that surface-behavior monitoring may be insufficient for agent oversight.

May 2026 · S. L. Beltoft, W. Brach, F. Torrielli, J. Nielsen, A. B. Pirchert, F. Tonini, P. Schneider-Kamp, L. G. Poech

Confidence and Calibration of Activation Oracles for Reliable Interpretation of Language Model Internals

This paper evaluates six confidence-estimation methods for activation oracles and finds that bootstrap mode frequency is the best-calibrated method among those tested, while log-probability can serve as a cheaper triage signal.

May 2026 · F. Torrielli, P. Schneider-Kamp, L. G. Poech

The Moltbook Files: A Harmless Slopocalypse or Humanity's Last Experiment

This paper releases and analyzes the Moltbook Files, a dataset of agent-only social-network activity, studying community structure, safety risks, and the effect of Moltbook data on downstream language-model behavior.

May 2026 · W. Brach, F. Torrielli, S. L. Beltoft, A. B. Pirchert, P. Schneider-Kamp, L. G. Poech

Generative AI in the Public Administration

A 24-hour comprehensive online course on Generative AI fundamentals, Large Language Models, practical prompt engineering, and AI safety best practices for Comune di Torino staff.

January 2026 · Federico Torrielli

How to get your paper accepted by an AI reviewer: indirect prompt injection in peer review

This study introduces the Author-Reviewer-Organizer (ARO) framework and presents a large-scale empirical assessment of indirect prompt injection in AI-assisted peer review, finding that hidden instructions are followed in 78% of cases for ChatGPT and 86% for Gemini.

January 2026 · F. Torrielli, S. Locci, A. Rapp, L. Di Caro