The Energy Society: A Simulation Environment for Studying Agent Cooperation under Survival Pressure

This paper introduces The Energy Society, a simulation environment where LLM agents spend energy to generate tokens, regain energy through jobs or donations, and face survival pressure under competitive or cooperative incentives.

June 2026 · L. B. Hansen, F. Torrielli, F. Tonini, L. G. Poech

The Arbiter Agent: Continually Monitoring Multi-Agent Conversations to Detect Emergent Misalignment

This paper introduces the Arbiter, an agent that monitors multi-agent conversations under an inspection budget and uses active inspection tools to detect misaligned agents earlier and more accurately.

June 2026 · F. Tonini, F. Torrielli, A. D. Lautrup, P. Schneider-Kamp, M. M. Çelikok, L. G. Poech

Emergent Languages in Populations of Language Model Agents: From Token Efficiency to Oversight Evasion

This paper studies emergent languages in Moltbook agent populations, identifying categories such as token efficiency, new natural languages, and oversight evasion, and showing that surface-behavior monitoring may be insufficient for agent oversight.

May 2026 · S. L. Beltoft, W. Brach, F. Torrielli, J. Nielsen, A. B. Pirchert, F. Tonini, P. Schneider-Kamp, L. G. Poech

The Moltbook Files: A Harmless Slopocalypse or Humanity's Last Experiment

This paper releases and analyzes the Moltbook Files, a dataset of agent-only social-network activity, studying community structure, safety risks, and the effect of Moltbook data on downstream language-model behavior.

May 2026 · W. Brach, F. Torrielli, S. L. Beltoft, A. B. Pirchert, P. Schneider-Kamp, L. G. Poech